History at Oakham School: Web Links for Year 8

Elizabeth and the Tudors

Tudors
http://englishhistory.net/tudor.html
Tudor Monarchs - Tudor Relatives - Tudor Citizens
The Six Wives of Henry VIII
Portraits of the Tudors and their contemporaries
E yewitness accounts of people and events in Tudor England
Letters written by the six wives of Henry VIII
Tudor Quizzes
Tudor Genealogy view the Tudor family tree
Life in Tudor England

Queen Elizabeth - Renaissance Faire
http://renaissance-faire.com/Renfaires/Entertainment/Elizibeth-I.htm
Very good one page biography - explain main features of her life and reign

Wikipedia Elizabeth
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England
The usual excellent wikipedia entry: detailed but not too much irrelevant colour. Clear structure. Cross-references and links to further material.

BBC Elizabeth 1
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/elizabeth_i_01.shtml
BBC site in 'Church & State - Monarchs & Leaders' site.
Looks at what she was really like and her relationship with Mary Queen of Scots.
Early years, The question of marriage, Mary and Elizabeth, Plots and conspiracies, Elizabeth's final years.
For Advanced students. Not the last word but some interest - lively text with anecdotes.
Links to other BBC articles on:
The Spanish Armada
Turning Ireland English
Poverty in Elizabethan England
Elizabeth's Spy Network
The Reformation
AND to: Elizabethan Spying Game, Elizabethan Room Panorama

Elizabeth I at the Public Record Office
http://www.pro.gov.uk/virtualmuseum/millennium/greatseal/default.htm
An interesting examination of the Great Seal of Elizabeth.
Links to other topics: A quite advanced overview of Elizabeth's reign; Eye-witness accounts; Fashion; Portraits; Other images of monarchy.
Like other areas of the PRO website there is plenty to interest, and trails to follow, but not a conventional 'key topics' approach.

Portraits/Images of Elizabeth I - 17 with a link to another 30 and to a biography
http://tudorhistory.org/elizabeth/gallery.html

Detailed biography with portraits of Elizabeth I
http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page46.asp

The Faces of Elizabeth
http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/elizface.htm
As its says - a good collection of 12.

Kings and Queens of England and Scotland (and some of the people around them.)
http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/royalty/index.html
If you want short summaries on monarchs from Alfred to George IV.
Clearly writtten and not simplistic.
Also a small selection of key people associated with some monarchs.

Mary, Queen of Scots

Scotclans Life of Mary, Queen of Scots
http://www.scotclans.com/clans/1542m.htm
Good, concise account of Mary's life - a good place to start

Infoplease Mary, Queen of Scots
http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A0832061.html
Another clear and concise site - can easily navigate to relevant sections:
Introduction | Early Life | Darnley and Bothwell | Elizabeth's Prisoner.

Scotland's Kings And Queens: Mary, Queen of Scots
http://www.nwlink.com/~scotlass/mary,.htm
Decent narrative - lively text, suitable level for KS3, also includes some pictures. American.

Tudor England: Mary, Queen of Scots
http://englishhistory.net/tudor/relative/maryqosbio.html
Good, full narrative account of Mary Queen of Scots' life; vague in places. Some good illustrations.

BBC Monarchs & Leaders: Mary, Queen of Scots
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/mary_queenscots_bothwell_01.shtml
Good site, largely focusing on her relationship with the Earl of Bothwell:
"The life of Mary, Queen of Scots has all the ingredients of a Hollywood thriller: a love triangle, treachery, rape and murder. Dr Saul David takes a closer look at the role of Mary's lover, the Earl of Bothwell, and the web of intrigue that surrounds this 16th century murder mystery."
6 sections: The petted princess | Surrounded by enemies | Bothwell's influence | Alone and defenceless | Nothing against honour | Elizabeth's prisoner

Catholic Encyclopaedia: Mary, Queen of Scots
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09764a.htm
Entry from the Catholic Encyclopaedia, long and detailed, not very easy to navigate quickly.

Mary, Queen of Scots … & Elizabeth
http://www.elizabethi.org/queenofscots/
Good, clear, detailed account of Mary's life, rather text heavy and no means of navigating around it. Text fairly advanced

Mary Queen of Scots & the Babington Plot
http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/~jmcgill/project.html
Very detailed information on the Babington plot. Well illustrated with portraits of Mary & Elizabeth

Monarchs: Mary, Queen of Scots
http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page134.asp
Good, factual site, clear and concise - from the official monarchy site. Fairly advanced text

Royal Stuarts: Mary, Queen of Scots
http://www.royal-stuarts.org/mary_1.htm
Site from the "Royal Stuarts Society" [American] - text is full but not easy:
"There are portions of history of which even "the plain unvarnished tale" is in itself so full of deep and lasting interest that no artificial aid is required to add to them the excitement of romance. The narrative of the life of Mary Queen of Scots needs no embellishment from the hand of the picturesque writer to make it potent in its effects both on the imagination and the heart, and it also possesses the power of claiming our sympathies with the unhappy and beautiful heroine, for whom we cannot fail to express our pity, even while we are deeply impressed with the serious faults of her character, and the difficulty of determining whether she was actually guilty of some of the crimes of which she was accused."
Begins with timeline.

Mary Rose - the official Museum site
http://www.maryrose.org/

The Spanish Armada

National Maritime Museum:The Spanish Armada
http://www.nmm.ac.uk/site/request/setTemplate:singlecontent/contentTypeA/conWebDoc/contentId/171/navId/00500300f00a
Well organised, not too long, not too short essay:
Introduction
Who planned the Armada campaign?
Why did Philip II want to invade England?
Why did Mary Queen of Scots have a claim to rule England?
Who were the 'Sea Beggars'?
How did the sailor Sir Francis Drake enrage King Philip?
How did the Armada campaign begin?
Who was the commander of the Spanish Armada?
Why did the English set some of their own ships alight?
Did the Armada manage to return to Spain?

Spanish Armada Links
http://www.pensacola.com/~rbethke/Armada.htm
Useful annotated collection of links on the web as turned up by search machines - and search addresses for updating.

The Spanish Armada, 1558
http://tbls.hypermart.net/history/1588armada/
Very much under development - but it looks very promising.
Well judged little essays - and it will cover quite a range when complete.

Shakespeare's Globe - Reading University. Information and 'guided tours'
Well worth a look!
http://www.rdg.ac.uk/globe/oldglobe/oldglobe_index.htm
http://www.rdg.ac.uk/globe/newglobe/newglobe_index.htm

Discovery & Exploration

A very comprehensive site on Exploration and explorers, going from the earliest possible times.
Best to skip the first entries - the links on the age of Columbus are very good
http://www.mariner.org/age/menu.html

An incredibly full list of links on discoveries - from earliest times:
http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/index.html

A comprehensive overview of the age of exploration - broken up into clear sections
http://www.stemnet.nf.ca/CITE/exage.htm

A very full list of links on Columbus:
http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/columbus.html

An excellent site on Columbus' voyages
http://www1.minn.net/~keithp/

Columbus: a good, clear biography with useful links:
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/columbus.html

National Maritime Museum:Christopher Columbus Factfile
http://www.nmm.ac.uk/site/request/setTemplate:singlecontent/contentTypeA/conWebDoc/contentId/137
Well organised, not too long, not too short essay.

Henry the Navigator: Biography and more links
http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/henry.html

Henry the Navigator: a good, clear biography with useful links:
http://www.mrdowling.com/610-henry.html

Henry the Navigator: another good, clear biography with useful links:
http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/henry1.html

Bartholomeo Diaz - a biography
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04775b.htm

Vasco da Gama - simple illustrated biography
http://www.iol.ie/~jomerps/HomePage/Projects/World_Explorers/Vasco_Da_Gama.html

Vasco da Gama - links to sites
http://www.win.tue.nl/~engels/discovery/alpha/g.html#gama

Aztecs & Incas

Aztec Empire - one page summary
http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/prehistory/latinamerica/meso/cultures/aztec_empire.html

Aztecs - a well organised and informative site
http://www.indians.org/welker/aztec.htm

Aztecs - an informative essay with good illustrations
http://www.wsu.edu:8000/~dee/CIVAMRCA/AZTECS.HTM

Aztecs - a good collection of links
http://www.d.umn.edu/cla/faculty/troufs/anth3618/maaztec.html

Aztecs - another good collection of links
http://www.americanindian.net/links12aztec.html

Aztecs - site put together by Nettlesworth Primary School
Level is quite simple but the amount of information is good
http://atschool.eduweb.co.uk/nettsch/time/aztec.html

The Incas - a superb site put together by the University of Leicester.
Everything that you could want:
Extremely comprehensive, excellent illustrations and a quiz that gives immediate feedback.
http://www.le.ac.uk/archaeology/rug/AR210/IncaProject/HomePage.html

Inca Empire - one page summary
http://www.anthro.mankato.msus.edu/prehistory/latinamerica/south/cultures/inca.html

Renaissance

Virtual Renaissance - fascinating - a tour of places, people, topics connected to the Renaissance:
http://www.twingroves.district96.k12.il.us/Renaissance/GeneralFiles/Introduction.html

Explore the Renaissance
Sections on: The Renaissance as an idea | Exploration & Trade | Printing & Thinking | Florence | Resource Links
http://www.learner.org/exhibits/renaissance/

Carol Gerten's Fine Art - probably the best art site. Alphabetical Index and by country/period.
Comprehensive catalogue of works of art and biography for each artist:
http://sunsite.org.uk/cgfa/fineart.htm

Artchive: -an excellent catalogue of works of art - you will find many good examples here.
Find any artist from here - by individual name or by period/style:
http://www.artchive.com/ftp_site.htm
Or go straight to the Renaissance section:
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/renaissance.html

Olga's Gallery
http://www.abcgallery.com/alfaind.html
Huge! And well organised.

Web Gallery of Art: another huge and well-organised catalogue of works of art
http://gallery.euroweb.hu/art/index.html

WebMuseum, Paris: More links to artists - a very useful site as it combines pictures with comments on them and a biography of the artist:
http://sunsite.doc.ic.ac.uk/wm/paint/auth/

Artcyclopedia: another good list of artists - has a search engine which you might find useful:
http://www.artcyclopedia.com/index.html

Addio Gallery - more limited than those above, but some good quality pictures:
http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Addio.html

IAS Pinakothek - another easy to use collection of artists
http://www.i-a-s.de/IAS/htm/frpinakothek.htm

Leonardo da Vinci

Biographical Notes from the Leonardo Museum
Simple summary
http://www.leonet.it/comuni/vincimus/inbiogra.html

Museum of Science, Boston
Superb site, excellently presented and dealing with Leonardo as inventor, artist, his life in Italy and looking at the science behind his developments.
http://www.mos.org/sln/Leonardo/

Museoscienza: Leonardo's Machines
National Museum of Science and Technology, Milan: this museum site shows with models and Leonardo's sketches, together with simple but sufficiently detailed explanations, the huge range of his inventions.
A very well organised site
http://www.museoscienza.org/english/leonardo/leonardo.html

Leonardo: Man of both worlds
Lurid design, but well organised.
3 levels of sophistication: novice/intermediate/advanced. Each gives an overview and examples of sketches, artwork, science.
http://library.thinkquest.org/3044/

Il Museo Leonardiano Di Vinci
http://www.leonet.it/comuni/vincimus/inpercor.html
Displays nearly 60 drawings and models made from them, with simple explanations.
Another very good way of seeing the results of his inventive mind.

Leonardo: Scientist, Artist, Inventor
Pages explaining his developments in these fields, together with a biography: good summary
http://www.mos.org/leonardo/artist.html

Carol Garten's Fine Art Leonardo Biography
http://sunsite.auc.dk/cgfa/vinci/vinci_bio.htm
and links to his art works:
http://sunsite.unc.edu/cjackson/vinci/index.html
Excellent for both

Drawings of Leonardo da Vinci
39 drawings: thumbnail index, large format illustrations
http://www.visi.com/~reuteler/leonardo.html

Mark Harden's Artchive: Leonardo da Vinci
Simple biography and a good collection of 28 of his works.
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/L/leonardo.html

Le Cagot Leonardo da Vinci
Biography and 8 paintings & drawings.
http://www.designhouse.net/lecagot/leonardo.html

Web Museum Paris: Leonardo da Vinci
7 paintings and a good art historical essay
http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/vinci/

Web Gallery of Art Leonardo
http://gallery.euroweb.hu/bio/l/leonardo/biograph.html
Quite advanced art historical biography - good of its kind.
Links to collections of his drawings - subdivided into
Anatomical studies: http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/l/leonardo/10anatom/index.html
Studies of nature: http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/l/leonardo/11nature/index.html
Engineering themes: http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/l/leonardo/12engine/index.html
Architectural studies: http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/l/leonardo/14archit/index.html
[Not the fullest collection but a good selection.]
paintings - in 4 sections (early work, 1480s, 1490s, Later work), beginning with early work: http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/l/leonardo/01/index.html (for other sections see index at bottom of the page)
Sculptures and studies to sculptures: http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/l/leonardo/15sculpt/index.html

Each has a note and good illustration. An excellent site.

Addio Leonardo da Vinci
http://www.mcs.csuhayward.edu/~malek/Vinci.html
Nicely presented site showing 6 major paintings.

The Scientific Revolution

Paul Halsall - Modern Western Civilization: The Scientific Revolution in the Seventeenth Century
http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/lect/mod07.html
Outline notes

SparkNotes: The Scientific Revolution (1550-1700)
http://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/scientificrevolution/terms.html
Fairly demanding outline notes. Useful for offering names and topics for further research.

Suffolk Community College: The Scientific Revolution
http://www2.sunysuffolk.edu/westn/science.html

Robert Hooke
http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/hooke.html

Reformation

Wittenburg Martin Luther site - a lot on Luther, his life and writings, .
http://www.wittenberg.de/e/seiten/personen/luther.html
Also his associates and local sites of interest:
http://www.wittenberg.de/e/

Martin Luther - German site: Martin Luther, his times and people connected with him.
Quite advanced.
http://www.luther.de/en/index.html

Are you a Lutheran or a Catholic?
http://www.activehistory.co.uk/Miscellaneous/hotpots/earlyeurope/reformation/prot_or_cath.htm
Try this game to help you find out more about why Martin Luther attacked the Catholics in the sixteenth century.
From the excellent Wolverhampton Grammar School site.

Stuarts

Guy Fawkes - the centre for Fawkesian Studies
Investigates the story in a number of detailed pages - with music!
http://www.bcpl.net/~cbladey/guy/html/chrono.html

The Gunpowder Plot
http://www.innotts.co.uk/~asperges/fawkes/indexx.html
This very good account of the Gunpowder plot gives the background history, details of conspirators, monarchs, trial and subsequent effects - tells the story in a number of colourful, well-illustrated pages.

Detailed biography with portraits of Charles I
http://www.royal.gov.uk/output/Page76.asp

Civil War - Easynet
http://easyweb.easynet.co.uk/~crossby/ECW/index.htm
An excellent collection of pages on the Civil War. Good level of information, readability and interest:
Sections: Summary, People Involved, Technology, Tactics, Types of military units used to fight battles, Battles.

English Civil War 1642-51 - Graham Day
http://www.graham.day.dsl.pipex.com/civilwar02.htm
"tries to cover as much on this subject as possible, but at the same time trying to keep it simple" - successfully.
Not the best but easy to use.
Articles on: Photographs, Battle Scenes, Introduction, Battles, Powick Bridge (1642), Edgehill (1642), Braddock Down (1643), Hopton Heath (1643), Stratton (1643), Chalgrove (1643), Adwalton Moor (1643), Landsdown Hill (1643), Roundway Down (1643), Newbury (1643), Winceby (1643), Nantwich (1644), Cheriton (1644), Cropredy Bridge (1644), Marston Moor (1644), Naseby (1645), Langport (1645), Auldearn (1645), Alford (1645), Kilsyth (1645), Rowton Heath (1645), Stow-on-the-Wold (1646), Dunbar (1650), Worcester (1651), King Charles I, King Charles II, Oliver Cromwell, New Model Army.

Spartacus English Civil War
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CivilWar.htm
The usual solid Spartacus encyclopaedia site. Plenty of material here. Sections on Military leaders (a lot), Political and Religious Figures (also a lot), Writers and the Civil War, Artists and the Civil War, Events, Issues and Organizations, Battles, Religious Groups.

HistoryLearningSite English Civil War
http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/english_civil_war2.htm
Nothing flashy but useful (slightly wordy) page on New Model Army, with links to BritainExpress pages on the major battles.

The English Civil War
http://www.theteacher99.btinternet.co.uk/ecivil/index.htm
Very factual site: lots of timelines, lists & simple biographies. Some useful maps, and originals sources (mainly official).

Robin Blake's Van Dyck website
http://www.vandyck.co.uk/
A good place if you want to get a feel for one of the premier artists of the Stuart period
This website contains a brief account of the artist's life, information about where Van Dyck can be seen worldwide, sources for further reading.
The small selection of images comprise a virtual exhibition which illustrates the development and range of Van Dyck's style.

Olga's Gallery - Anthony Van Dyck
http://www.abcgallery.com/V/vandyck/vandyck.html
Come here if you want to find a van Dyck. Thumbnails of 95 paintings - each enlarges to a full-size web picture.
Some also have notes explaining the subject of the painting.
A great resource!

Glorious Revolution
http://www.thegloriousrevolution.com/
Encyclopedia, Timeline, Links… Full of useful information, easy to navigate.

Oliver Cromwell

The Cromwell Association: Oliver Cromwell

Spartacus Oliver Cromwell
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUcromwellO.htm
Spartacus biography - good detail - and some brief historical source comments on Cromwell and episodes from his life

History on the Net: The English Civil War [incl Cromwell]

http://www.historyonthenet.com/Civil_War/civilwarmain.htm
The content is fairly simple, but this is a well-organised site that covers a number of topics and is reasonably well illustrated. Sections on: The Slide to War | Royalist or Parliamentarian? | Weapons | Battles | When did you last see your father? | Oliver Cromwell | Civil War Timeline

BBC History Monarchs and Leaders: Oliver Cromwell
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/state/monarchs_leaders/cromwell_01.shtml
"Oliver Cromwell played a leading role in bringing Charles I to trial and execution, and was a key figure during the civil war. Why does he remain one of the country's most controversial public figures?"
Fairly advanced material. 5 sections on: 1. A unique leader; 2. Member of Parliament (1640 - 1649); 3. Soldier (1642 - 1651); 4. Statesman (1651 - 1658); 5. Assessment

Britain 1750-1900

Spartacus - Britain 1750-1900: Child Labour
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IRchild.htm
A wealth of evidence to use.
Sections on: Factory Reformers | Supporters of Child Labour | Life in the Factory | Factory Workers' testimony

NM's Creative Impulse: Age of Industry
http://history.evansville.net/industry.html
Very well organised, covers a lot of ground. Good labels and links. An excellent gateway to other sites.
Sections on: Textiles | Agriculture | Transportation | Communication | General Technology References | General Historical Resources
Art | Literature and Drama | Music and Dance | Daily Life and Culture
Search Engine

A Trip to the Past
http://members.aol.com/mhirotsu/kevin/trip2.html
More of an overview - in sections see below.
If you can cope with the backgrounds and the animations, there is plenty of interest here. The language is not simple, but not out of reach
Overview | Innovative Inventions | Transition of Life (A report on Transportation) | Advances in Art | Change from The Cottage industry to the Factory System | Modifications in Medicine

What was it like to live and work in early nineteenth century? A collection of reports from Parliament, Royal Commissions and others - a great deal of interesting information: http://www.geocities.com/couple_colour/Worker/index2.html

The Workhouse
http://www.workhouses.org.uk/
An impressive site, which includes source documents, on the history of the English poor laws and life in the workhouse.
It also traces the development of the education system in Britain.
Workhouse is a word that, for most people, conjures up the harsh and squalid world of Oliver Twist.
The workhouse was often a grim and brutal place, but its story is also a fascinating mix of social history, politics, economics and architecture.
Poor Laws, Poor Law Unions, Ireland, Workhouse Life, Education, Literature, Timeline, Glossary, Records & Archives, Links/Resources.

The Great Exhibition, 1851 - a well illustrated article
http://www.speel.demon.co.uk/other/grtexhib.htm

Nineteenth Century Railway History through the Illustrated London News
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/ind_rev/iln/iln.html
Good source of pictures and some interesting texts. Not, obviously, a straight account