History at Oakham School: IB Web Links

USA: Democracy & Diplomacy

PBS The American Experience - The Presidents
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/
Support material for this PBS TV series, on Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Harry Truman, Dwight D.Eisenhower, John F.Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan.

20th Century Historical Documents
http://www.historicaldocuments.com/20thCentury.htm
An excellent source of 100 key documents of the century - speeches of Presidents from Teddy Roosevelt to Bill Clinton & major Acts passed by Congress & Constitutional Amendments.

21st Century Historical Documents
http://www.historicaldocuments.com/21stCentury.htm
Key speeches - mostly Pres. George W.Bush

U.S. History Outlines & Charts
http://www.polytechnic.org/faculty/gfeldmeth/lecturesok.html
This site has detailed timeline charts for every major period in US history.

USA - Civil Rights

African American History
http://www.encarta.msn.com/find/Concise.asp?z=1&pg=2&ti=761595158
Encarta article - actually 29 chapters that tells the story of African Americans from the 15th century to the present day.
Looks at the main issues. Each article contains links to other Encarta articles, and to other relevant websites.
An excellent starting point for studies of Black Peoples of the Americas.

Africanaonline
http://www.africanaonline.com/introduction.htm
Key topics in African-American history in sections: Africa, Slavery, Civil Rights, Activists, Sports, Arts, Poetry.
Presented in clear structure - useful articles and links to other sites.

Britannica Study Guide
http://search.eb.com/blackhistory/study/index_eb.htm
Thin at first glance, but if you explore you can find usseful articles and activities.

Spartacus Encyclopedia of Slavery 1840-1960
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAslavery.htm
Another very full, superbly organised encyclopedia from Spartacus.
Language is accessible, aricles illustrated and very well supported with source quotations
Sections on Slave Accounts, The Slave System, Slave Life, Events and Issues, Campaigners Against Slavery (66), Political Organisations, British Campaigners.

Encarta Africana: The Peculiar Institution
http://www.africana.com/specials/packages/peculiar.asp
"Slavery brought Africans to America and transformed them, their descendants, the continent and the world. Two and half centuries of enslavement, followed by another century of discrimination, limitations and abuse, have left indelible wounds."
Articls on: Slavery in the United States | Transatlantic Slave Trade | Amistad Mutiny | Slave Narratives | Free Blacks in the United States | Underground Railroad | Slave Rebellions in the United States | Abolitionism in the United States | Dred Scott Case

Olaudah Equiano or Gustavas Vassa, the African
http://www.brycchancarey.com/equiano/
As it says: 'This is the very moving story of an African who was captured and put on a slave ship.'
He features in every textbook!
BBC biography of Olaudah Equiano
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/equiano_olaudah.shtml

Guardian Black History Links Page
http://www.educationunlimited.co.uk/netclass/schools/history/links/0,5607,97492,00.html
Some good sites -although most are listed here.

BLACK RESISTANCE: Slavery in the United States
http://www.afro.com/history/slavery/main.html
Collection of simple articles. Lively style.

Encarta Africana: Lynching
http://www.africana.com/research/encarta/tt_374.asp
Article - intelligent, advanced language.
No pictures
What is lynching?
http://www.africana.com/research/blackfacts/bl_fact_202.asp
And other articles: Jim Crow etc - use the search machine

Encarta Africana: KuKluxKlan
http://www.africana.com/research/encarta/tt_111.asp
Article - intelligent, advanced language. No pictures
And other articles: Jim Crow etc - use the search machine.

Famous African Americans in the Humanities:
20TH CENTURY - a biographical guide to resources
http://www.ithaca.edu/library/htmls/humafro.html
Everybody who is/was anybody, and maybe some more in the fields of Art, Education, Literature, Religion and Philosophy.
No politicians or campaigners unless they fit these categories - many do.

Lest we forget - Bennie McRae:
'Our agenda is simple. The contributors and I offer you the history, culture, preservation efforts, and current events of African-Americans, other ethnic, non-ethnic groups and individuals. We focus on and emphasize their sacrifices, relationships, interactions, patriotism as well as their contributions to the growth and development of this great nation. Let us never forget them.'
http://www.coax.net/people/lwf/
Very wide-ranging collection of links. 10% is worth following

BlackHistory Sounds
http://blackhistory.eb.com/audiov.html
Sound/Video files of MLK, Malcolm X and others.

Africans in America
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/home.html
This website is a companion to 'Africans in America', a six-hour public television series.
"The website chronicles the history of racial slavery in the United States -- from the start of the Atlantic slave trade in the 16th century to the end of the American Civil War in 1865 -- and explores the central paradox that is at the heart of the American story: a democracy that declared all men equal but enslaved and oppressed one people to provide independence and prosperity to another."
Usual excellent PBS site.
Language is quite advanced but it is well organised and well illustrated.
Resource bank of annotated images and documents, stories and commentaries.
Useful Teacher's area.

Library of Congress Exhibition: The African American Odyssey: A Quest for Full Citizenship
This is the address for the Civil Rights section, from where you can also get to earlier periods. http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart9.html
Includes short factual descriptions of key episodes & some good illustrations.

'Williamsburg: Half Free, Half Slave'
http://www.history.org/History/teaching/enslaved/a1.html
"In the eighteenth century, half the population of colonial Williamsburg was African-American.
Who were they, those first African-Americans? Where did they come from? And how did they become enslaved in the first place? How can we find the answers?"
A useful researching exercise, making use of on-line resources.

Spartacus Encyclopedia of Civil Rights, 1860-1980
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcivilrights.htm
Another very full, superbly organised encyclopedia from Spartacus.
Language is accessible, aricles illustrated and very well supported with source quotations
Sections on: Campaigners : 1860-1900 (94) | Campaigners : 1900-1980 (108) | 1840-1900: Issues, Events & Organizations | 1900-1980: Issues, Events & Organizations

Encarta Africana: Civil Rights Movement
http://www.africana.com/research/encarta/civil.asp
Article - intelligent, advanced language. No pictures

Civil Rights Documents
http://www.africanamericans.com/Documents.htm
Some major documents for the history of coloured people in the USA, from 1705 to 1966.

The Integration of Little Rock Central High School
http://www.journalism.indiana.edu/gallery/faculty/counts/integration.html
Single page Photo article, with spelling mistake! Simple resource for the case.

Key Sites on Martin Luther King, Jr.
http://usinfo.state.gov/usa/blackhis/kngsites.htm
15 sites, with notes explaining what each offers.

Links for Martin Luther King - SeattleTimes
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/classroom/MLKlink.html
8 more links (some duplicate).

Speeches of Martin Luther King
http://www.africanamericans.com/MLKjrSpeechMenu.htm
Links to the texts of his major speeches.

"I have a dream"
http://www.encarta.msn.com/find/MediaMax.asp?pg=3&ti=761595158&idx=461517407
Listen to a clip of MLK's famous speech.

"I have a dream" 2
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/mlk/sound/dream_resample.wav
Longer (1 minute), leading up to previous link.

Martin Luther King: "I have a dream"
http://www.mit.edu/people/yandros/doc/i-have-a-dream.txt
The Speech! Text

Stanford University: The Martin Luther King Papers Project
http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/
Excellent site
Includes:
Hear extracts from 9 landmark speeches:
http://www.stanford.edu/group/King/multimedia.html

"Rediscovering Lost Values" - 28 February 1954
"Paul's Letter to American Christians" - 4 November 1956
"LovingYour Enemies" - 17 November 1957
"A Knock at Midnight" - 1963 "The American Dream" - 4 July 1965
"The Three Dimensions of a Complete Life" - 9 April 1967
"Why Jesus Called a Man a Fool" - 27 August 1967
"The Drum Major Instinct" - 4 February 1968
"Unfulfilled Dreams " - 3 March 1968
"Remaining Awake Through a Great Revolution " -31 March 1968

Encarta Africana: March on Washington
http://www.africana.com/specials/packages/march_on_washington.asp
"Forty years ago the Civil Rights Movement had its grandest hour. The August 28, 1963 March on Washington had an obvious impact, both on the passage of civil rights legislation and on nationwide public opinion."
A collection on the march, the background, the main figures and organisations involved.

National Civil Rights Museum
http://www.civilrightsmuseum.org/gallery/movement.asp
The Interactive Tour tells the story from before the Civil War.
Very well illustrated, with not too much text to a page - but you can only navigate it in order.
Takes a long time to get to the twentieth century.
To jump to the Brown vs Board of Education case in 1954, click here: http://216.157.9.6/civilrights/tour/it26.html

University of Virginia: History of the Civil Rights Movement
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~public/civilrights/syllabus.html
This is a fantastic site for Julian Bond's civil rights course. Bond is the current president of the NAACP.
If you click on the dates on the syllabus, a variety of useful audiovisual source materials come up.

Mexican Revolution

Mexican Revolution Links
http://jodyrodriguez.com/res-mexrev.html
A list of 40+ links to web sites connected to the Mexican revolution, each with a one-line summary.
Apparently promising - but when I looked none of them were any use... so be warned!

Cold War

CNN site to accompany the series 'Cold War'
A really impressive site - but some parts may not work on basic browsers
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/

CWIHP Document Library
Cold War International History Project - Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=library.Collection
Documents on the Cold War. A well-organised - but still developing site,
Advanced: really for university research.
Good search engine. Sections on:
Cold War Crises | Cold War Leaders | Cold War Origins (1917-47) | Culture and Economics | End of the Cold War (85-89/91) | Intelligence | Khrushchev Era (1953-64) | Reagan Era (1980-88) | Rise and Fall of Detente (1962-80) | Stalin Era (1945-53)
Browse the site by keywords: http://wwics.si.edu/index.cfm?topic_id=1409&fuseaction=library.Keywords&imageField.x=13&imageField.y=11

The Cold War Museum - simple summaries, easy to cover a lot of ground
http://www.coldwar.org/

Cold War Hot List - pick and mix!
http://www.stmartin.edu/~dprice/cold.war.html

CNN Reds: McCarthyism & Stalin's last Purges
http://europe.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/06/index.html
Episode 6 in the excellent CNN Cold War series.
Program script, summary, further notes and plenty of detailed source material in full.
"In the Soviet Union and in America the Cold War was fought by fear.
The Soviet Union raised fences against the outside world. The Gulag -- the secret universe of labour camps -- swallowed the lives of millions. Both sides turned their fear inwards against their own people. They hunted the enemy within.
At home, Americans feared Red subversion. Congress revived the House Committee on Un-American Activities… and in Stalin's Russia there were new purges.

Hungary 1956 - outline
http://www.hungary.org/users/hipcat/history.htm

Hungary 1956 - 3 links
http://www.net.hu/corvinus/lib/revol.htm

The Hungarian Revolt: October 23 - November 4, 1956
http://www.net.hu/corvinus/lib/revolt/index.htm
Edited by Richard Lettis, Ohio University. A detailed mixture of narrative and contemporary reports.

Korean War

CNN Korean War
http://europe.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/05/index.html
From the excellent CNN Cold War series.
Program script, summary, further notes and plenty of detailed source material in full.

Korean War
http://www.koreanwar.com/
Good simple, overview. Detailed glossary. Links to other history sites and photo galleries.

The United States Army in The Korean War
Policy And Direction: The First Year by James F. Schnabel (Center Of Military History, United States Army, 1992)
http://www.army.mil/cmh-pg/books/P&d.htm
Full text (400 pages)
"This book is intended to elucidate United States policy during the Korean War and to describe the strategies and command methods by which that policy was carried out. The major decisions that determined the United States course in Korea and continued to influence the nation's responses to Communist aggression during the two decades that followed were taken during the first twelve months of the Korean fighting."

Out in the Cold: Australian involvement in the Korean War
http://www.awm.gov.au/korea/about/sitemap.htm
Australian angle, of course, but this is a very good site: well organised, with a clear overview, 'flash' maps which show the changing course of the war, stories, and a detailed section on the weapons of the war.

Korean War Links
http://www.rt66.com/~korteng/SmallArms/history.htm
An American veteran - Bert Kortegaard's site.
There is a lot listed, but don't expect to find too much gold.

Korean War timeline
http://www.usni.org/freestuff/koreanwartimeline.htm
Interactive - needs downloading. From U.S. Naval Institute.

Korean War timeline
http://www.korean-war.com/TimeLine/KoreanWarChronology.html
Detailed - organised into sections.. leads to narratives.

Korean War timeline
http://www.rt66.com/~korteng/SmallArms/TimeLine.htm
Simple, wtih links

Cuba

Fourteen Days in October: the Cuban Missile Crisis
This site was unavailable - October 2003
http://library.thinkquest.org/11046/
If you come across as good a site as this on any topic on the Internet, you are lucky! Outstanding:
Description, Eyewitness Testimony, Analysis - superbly presented.

CNN Cold War: Cuba
http://europe.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/10/
Episode 10 of CNN's excellent series dealt with the crisis. Background, as it happened news, eyewitness testimony… Plus other programmes in the series would be useful for the development of the Cold War and the Arms Race.

FAS Intelligence Resource Program
http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/cuba.htm
Excellent quality photographs from the U2 missions which alerted the Americans to the building of the missile sites.
A couple of good articles - the ExComm transcripts of the discussion of what to do on the 18 October, and a review of the evidence 10 years later, plus links to other good detailed sources.

NSA Archive
http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/index.htm
Various documents from the US National Security Archive - blow by blow accounts & contemporary documents..
Some excellent material.

Yale University - Avalon project
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/20th.htm
An excellent resource for 20th Century documents Quick and easy to use. Original texts, well presented.

Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath Yale University Avalon Project http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/diplomacy/forrel/cuba/cubamenu.htm
An excellent resource: 275 official U.S. documents from the crisis

History Out Loud: Cuban Missile Crisis
http://www.hpol.org/jfk/cuban/
Kennedy secretly recorded the deliberations of ExComm. Here you can listen to some key moments from the discussions over the '13 Days'.

If you really want to go in depth here are the State Department Documents that deal with Cuba (Discussions in the Department, Memoranda, Telegrams to and from key Ambassadors…)
No Contents list that's any help - you just have to explore!

Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963 Volume X Cuba, 1961-1962 DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington State Department Documents - Cuba
http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusX/index.html
See below.

Foreign Relations of the United States 1961-1963 Volume XI Cuban Missile Crisis and Aftermath DEPARTMENT OF STATE Washington
http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusXI/index.html
See below.

State Department Foreign Relations Series
http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/fruswhat.html
The Foreign Relations of the United States series presents the official documentary historical record of major U.S. foreign policy decisions and significant diplomatic activity.
Foreign Relations volumes contain documents from Presidential libraries, Departments of State and Defense, National Security Council, Central Intelligence Agency, Agency for International Development, and other foreign affairs agencies as well as the private papers of individuals involved in formulating U.S. foreign policy.

State Department - Volumes in the Foreign Relations series for the Administration of President John F.Kennedy
http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusken.html
State Department - Volumes in the Foreign Relations series for the Administration of President Lyndon B. Johnson. http://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/frusjohn.html

Vietnam

PBS The Vietnam War
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/vietnam/index.html
Accompanies TV series - and an excellent book by Stanley Karnow.
This beautifully designed website provides the most comprehensive account of the Vietnam War on the Internet. The website was produced by the US Public Broadcasting Service to accompany their award-winning television series: Vietnam: A Television History.
The website includes an interactive time-line of the war, basic statistics, maps, a glossary of terms and acronyms, texts of key U.S. government war documents, weapons used during the war and forty-two biographical portraits of key personalities in the war, including six from North Vietnam and a bibliography for further study.
The website also contains 'Reflections on War', a collection of twelve first-hand accounts of the conflict and transcripts of all the television programmes.

Vietnam - CNN Cold War
http://europe.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/11/
Episode 11 of CNN's excellent series dealt with the Vietnam War, 1954-1968.
Background, as it happened news, eyewitness testimony, reconsideration by participants and historians…
Multimedia recap in 6 parts, episode script.

PBS Vietnam Battlefield
http://www.pbs.org/battlefieldvietnam/
Full timeline in 6 sections, Guerrilla Tactics, Air War, Resources.
A useful illustrated introduction.

Spartacus Vietnam Encyclopedia
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/vietnam.html
Another excellent compilation from the Spartacus website.
30+ biographies and 20+ entries on issues and events, with cross-links.
Through the site it is possible to interview veterans and members of the peace movement via e-mail (short biography of each helps you frame an enquiry).
Also a link to forum supervised by Prof. Edwin Moise.
And a full list of relevant links.

Vietnam War Internet Project
http://www.lbjlib.utexas.edu/shwv/shwvhome.html
Gateway to a huge amount of Internet resources.
Everything is here but because of its huge size not easy to use. Well annotated, though.

Grover Furr's Vietnam War Page
http://chss.montclair.edu/english/furr/vietnam.html
Another very comprehensive and well -labelled gateway site

VietnamWar.Net
http://www.vietnamwar.net/
And another very good gateway to Vietnam articles

Encarta: Vietnam War
http://encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/RefArticle.aspx?refid=761552642
Well organised account.

Vassar Vietnam
http://vietnam.vassar.edu/overview.html
A simpler essay, with links to major topics, and a collection of essential documents.
A website developed around the course materials used by Robert Brigham on his course on the Vietnam War at Vassar College.
The main part of the site is a nine page 'Overview'. This includes sections on 'The Geneva Peace Accord', 'South Vietnam Under Ngo Dinh Diem', 'The National Liberation Front', 'December 1961', 'Military Coup', 'Gulf of Tonkin Resolution', 'The War in America', 'The Nixon Years' and 'The Paris Peace Agreement'. The website also has a document section. The twenty documents range from NLF secret papers to Richard Nixon's speech to the USA public on 30th April, 1970 justifying the offensive in Cambodia.

HistoryNet Vietnam Magazine
http://militaryhistory.about.com/cs/vietnamwar/
Links to internet articles.
An eclectic mix - but if the topic you are looking for is here you will find something useful.

Vietnam timeline
http://members.tripod.com/paulrparker/namhist/
A very detailed timeline - if you want to know who did what when, it's here.

Vietnam War Allied Troop Levels 1960-73
http://members.aol.com/warlibrary/vwatl.htm
As it says - a table.

The History Place: United States in Vietnam 1945-1975
http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/vietnam/index.html
“Comprehensive Timelines with Quotes and Analysis”.
4 sections: Seeds of Conflict 1945-60 | America commits 1961-64 | The Jungle War 1965-68 | The Bitter End 1969-75
As it says! Good reference source for the ‘story’.

Vietnam Yesterday and Today
http://servercc.oakton.edu/~wittman/
Timeline, Brief page on Key characteristics of war, book and web links, … simple summary

Vietnam: A Teacher's Guide
http://www.askasia.org/frclasrm/readings/r000189.htm
Sections on: Vietnam: An Historical Introduction |Vietnamese Cultural Expression |Names for Vietnam | A History I. The French in Vietnam | II. America's Commitment to the War (1954-1965) | III. The United States Takes Charge (1965-1968) | IV. "Vietnamization" to 1975 (1968-1975) | V. The War at Home Epilogue
Each section contains useful ideas in ‘Classroom Activities- Some suggested discussion questions’; 'Suggested activities and research projects'

CNN Vietnam
http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2000/vietnam/
Interviews, Documents, Profiles, Hotspots, ‘Soldier’s Diary’,Timeline (simple), Photos Some excellent resource material and simple overview.

Images of the War
http://www.vwip.org/imagetop.html
Vietnam War Internet Project Image Library
Hundreds of photos grouped in a dozen topics. From the Vietnam War Internet Project website.

The Vietnam War on Film
http://www.sru.edu/depts/artsci/engl/dpitard/vietnamfilms.htm
List of films about the Vietnam War, including films concerning post-colonial conflict in Southeast Asia, the regional fallout from the war (such as the Khmer Rouge), and the experience of Vietnam veterans. Includes fictional and non-fictional films.

Vietnam War Films
http://www.vietnamwar.net/vwfilms/vwfilms.htm
Two sentence summaries of films on the war, with links to the Amazon website which will usually supply more details. A handy quick reference.
Also links to other parts of the vietnamwar website – history, quiz, quotations, stories, humour…

Conflict in Indochina 1954-1979
http://hsc.csu.edu.au/modern_history/international_studies/indochina/indo_viet/page13.htm
A simple overview from Charles Stuart University in Australia: provides key historical features of Cambodia and Vietnam, a list of Internet resources, a list of acronyms, a glossary, and a timeline.

History of the Vietnam War – Citrus College (Navy Education)
http://mil.citrus.cc.ca.us/cat2courses/HIST155/schedule.htm
Dr. Bruce Solheim's Vietnam War history course at Citrus College in Glendora, California, examines the controversies and questions surrounding the war. The website features nine briefings on: Roots of the Cold War and Vietnamese Nationalism | French-Viet Minh War, 1946-1954 | Nationbuilding, 1954-1960 | JFK and the Flexible Response, 1961-1963 | Escalation, 1964-1967 | Tet Offensive, 1968 | Home Front | Vietnamization, 1969-1973 | Legacies, 1973-1975, and Beyond
Also a chronology of the war: http://mil.citrus.cc.ca.us/cat2courses/HIST155/BigtimelineVWar.htm

Lyndon Johnson and Vietnam
http://history.acusd.edu/gen/20th/lbj-vietnam.html
Timeline focusing on LBJ, with a few links to speeches, resource.

The Pentagon Papers
http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/pentagon/pent1.html
Gravel Edition Chapter I, "Background to the Crisis, 1940-50"
>pent4.html