Punishments
Rules were many and
punishments were given freely
in the factories. Some people were employed as Overlookers. They wandered about
the factory checking that everything was running smoothly and picking out
workers that were lagging. If anyone was looking drowsy, ill or messy, if
someone stopped the machine, if you were caught talking, if you didn't care for
the machinery, if you were late coming to work, if you swore or used bad
language, if you weren't working
fast enough; the overlooker would deliver a punishment. Punishments were unjust
and harsh. For drowsiness, young children were dipped head first into a tank of
water, whilst an overlooker held their ankles to stop them falling in. If a
child was suspected of running away, then they would be put in irons. If they
were actually caught running away, they could be sent to prison! Other
punishments included beating, having your hair cut off, being struck by a
red-hot iron, being fined or
ultimately, being sacked. Sometimes people could be fined as much as a whole
day's pay! Sometimes it was not clear who had committed. If they didn't
know who, say, had stopped a machine, they would punish the person who
looked most guilty.
Beatings were particularly violent. It was not uncommon for the beater to draw blood. In the worst cases, the victim could be beaten until senseless or mad. Later, the beaten person sometimes died through internal bleeding or other reasons.
Sarah Carpenter(1849)
"There was a young woman, Sarah Goodling, who was poorly and so she stopped her machine. James Birch, the overlooker knocked her to the floor. She got up as well as she could. He knocked her down again. Then she was carried to the apprentice house. Her bed-fellow found her dead in bed."
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